: Based on active constituents like alkaloids, glycosides, and volatile oils. SlideServe 4. Drug Evaluation and Quality Control
: Alkaloids: Extraction, Chemical Structure, and Diagnostic Color Tests.
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At its core, pharmacognosy is the systematic study of crude drugs obtained from natural origins like plants, animals, and minerals. The term comes from the Greek words pharmakon (a remedy or drug) and gnosis (knowledge), and was first used in 1815 by C. A. Seydler. pharmacognosy lecture notes ppt
A modern addition to lecture notes, focusing on drug discovery from marine sources.
Pharmacognosy Lecture Notes PPT (A Story of Discovery)
Pharmacognosy PowerPoint Presentation, free download - SlideServe : Based on active constituents like alkaloids, glycosides,
Altitude, climate, soil quality, and plant growth regulators.
| Metabolite Type | Examples | Drugs | PPT Focus | |----------------|----------|-------|------------| | | Cardiac glycosides | Digitalis , Strophanthus | Mechanism of action on heart | | Alkaloids | Tropane, indole, isoquinoline | Belladonna , Cinchona , Opium | Chemical tests (Dragendorff’s, Mayer’s) | | Terpenoids | Monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes | Neem , Artemisia | Antimalarial and anticancer properties | | Resins & Tannins | – | Guggul , Ashoka bark | Astringent and wound-healing uses |
: Acellular secretions, juices, or extracts. Examples: Acacia gum, Aloe vera juice, Opium latex. 4. Chemical Classification Grouped by the dominant therapeutic constituent. Most preferred method for modern phytochemical studies. I can expand any module into a complete
Before diving into the lecture notes, it is important to establish a clear understanding of the discipline. Pharmacognosy systematically studies the physical, chemical, biochemical, and biological properties of drugs, drug substances, or potential drugs of natural origin, as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources. In broader terms, pharmacognosy deals with the history, distribution, cultivation, collection, preparation, identification, evaluation, preservation, and uses of crude drugs and their derivatives obtained mainly from plants and animals.
Crude drugs are natural substances that have only undergone collection and drying. To study them systematically, pharmacognosists use several distinct classification methods: Classification Method Basis of Organization Advantages Disadvantages Latin or English names (A to Z) Simple, quick to look up drugs. No scientific or structural relationship shown. Morphological
Crude drugs are naturally occurring, unrefined substances. Their main sources are:
This morphological classification is based on the source's physical form.
Divided into organized tissues (leaves, barks, roots) and unorganized substances (juices, latex, extracts).